The Sun

As cities on the east cost became more industrialized, a way of spreading news in a cheap efficient way became more of an interest to producers, and consumers. With the penny press, spreading news in a widespread fashion became possible. The Sun was a cheap paper published in New York in the 1830’s which attempted to feed the demand for information in society. The Sun was well know for its innovative stories, its good coverage of crime and violence, as well as its tendency to sensationalize news.

The Vices of the Poor

According to Paul Starr, The Creation of the Media; "The vices of the poor , on the contrary , walk abroad, insult us in the marketplace, and elbow us in the streets". (Evangelical publication pg. 238)

What this quote means is that the evangelical publication didn't like the things that poor people were doing. This quote explains that people that were evangelicals had a dislike for the habits of the poor. My opinion about this quote is that during the 1800's is that evangelists didn't like seeing images about the habits of the poor. They felt that obscene materials were corrupting the minds of the poor.

Communication Systems That Unify Our Society

It is very interesting to know the foundation of how the world was united through various means. Eric Hobsbawm's "The World Unified" provided us with insights on the different ways communication systems unionized the parts of the world benefiting businessmen by providing information on trade and commerce through the telegraph. This is reiterated in chapter 5 of Paul Starr, "The Creation of the Media". The also benefited politicians because the government would know what to control and how to control it. Economically, goods were traded from place to place via advanced technology such as railroads (another way the world was unified); both worked good hand in hand. In addition, population grew because of these technological advancements. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it is evident how much impact the communication systems changed the world drastically improving economic, political and social conditions during this period. According to Hobsbawm, the world was unified "by means of communication which had no precedent for regularity, for the capacity to transport vast quantities for goods and numbers of people, and above all for speed: the railway, the steamship, the telegraph...("The World Unified").

CHAPTER 6: "NEW CONNECTIONS"

Early Model of a Fire Engine
Quote:

"As an invention, the telephone oringinated in an effort to improve and extend the telegraphs not to replace it. During the 1860's telegraph inventors and promoters pursued several different avenues for profitable innovation, including a variety of devices for local telegraph services. As early as 1851, two inventors in Boston had devised and installed the first fire alarm telegraph and by the 1870's nearly eighty other cities had done the same. Beginning in 1871, "district telegraph" companies began installing signal boxes in homes and offices, enabling customers to press a key or turn a dial to signal a central district."



This is the begining of a world dominated by technology. These were solutions to so many problems in communication, spread of news, methods of transportation and of course methods of communication.

CHAPTER 5: THE FIRST WIRE

Telegraph invented in 1840

In chapter five we learn about the importance of the invention of the first telegraph. This was invented in 1840, around the same time the Sun newspaper was establshed. Both inventions were monumental to the world of communication. The Sun with John Lockes "Moon Hoax" was the story that traveled from continent to continent making the Sun the largest circulating newspaper of its time. Both of these things revolutionized public communication. The sun newspaper and the telegraph really helped the world when dealing with communication and transportation of the communication led to an abundence of new roads and turnpikes.



I think that both of theses things really revolutionized the world of communication and the spread of news from continent to continent.

Chapter 5, "The First Wire"

“The differences between Europe and America involved more than ownership.” [Page, 154]

Europe chose the state to control the telegraph and telephone network. The United States went a difference way they choose private enterprise; because the United States chose the private ownership route it caused competition and made the telegraphed and telephone better plus more of an advance. Europe’s improvement was minimal. That was not the only differences; American law and policy progressed for telecommunication development. It made the system of communication faster and more advance. Europe’s system was controlled and not growing television technology. It was only working in “pre-telegraphic era”. The United States in contrast telephone was working in household and business everywhere.

Is learning to read that important

"When i was about thirteen years old, and had succeeded in learning to read, every increase of knowledge, especially anything respecting the free states, was an additional weight to the almost intolerable burden of my thought- I am a slave for life. "

www.africawithin.com/bios/frederick_douglass.htm

In my opinion at this time it seems like even if an African-American did learn how to read it still wasn't helping them to become free. Even at a young age Mr. Douglass learned that he might be a slave for life no matter how smart he was. It seems like no matter what he did he knew that he could never get out of that type of lifestyle. It shows that even though he learned how to read it was more of a burden rather then a blessing.

Through the Grape Vine.

"Though I was a mere child during the preparation for the Civil War and during the war itself, I now recall the many late-at-night whispered discussion that I heard my mother and the other slaves on the plantation indulge in."

This quote is from the Bread and News Paper Packet, a selection from Booker T. Washington's book Up From Slavery. This quote is him talking about hearing his mom and slaves passing information through word of mouth. This was otherwise known as the "Grape Vine". This was a way in which slaves kept themsleves informed about events. This Grape Vine telegraph was widespread and was a from of expanding public communication from plantation to plantation. This news would come from mail carriers who would gain informations by ease dropping into the white people's conversations.